KENDALL: CHAPTER 7 - Deviance

(Remember: This is only the structure of my notes guided by the
text. I add other material as needed)

What is deviance?

"WHEN IN ROME, DO AS ROMANS DO!"

WHO IS A DEVIANT?
IN THIS CHAPTER WE  ARE LOOKING  AT THE  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
CONFORMITY, OBEDIENCE, DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL.
Or: Any behavior, belief, or condition that violates norms of society or
group where it occurs. 

WHO DEFINES IT? Is it BEHAVIOR or NORM? (ie, from Kai Erikson: Not a property
of the peopledoing it, but of a meaning conferred upon it.

I. DEFINITIONS:

  1.  SOCIAL CONTROL:  TECHNIQUES OR STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING
      DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN ANY SOCIAL SYSTEM.
        A) NORMATIVE SYSTEM
        B) LAW

     EXAMPLES INCLUDE SPEED LIMITS,  DRESS CODES,
     SEATING CHARTS, BOUNCERS

  2.  SANCTIONS: PENALTIES FOR REWARDS FOR CONDUCT
      CONFORMING TO OR STRAYING FROM A SOCIAL NORM

        EXAMPLES:
          A) ALCOHOL AT PARTIES (CAN
             BE "SANCTIONED," IE, ALLOWED
          B) OR IMPOSE SANCTIONS:
             1) NO PAY RAISE FOR SCREWY PROFS
             2) CHEATING INVOKES RESPONSE

  3.  CONFORMITY:  "GOING ALONG," "FOLLOWING," ETC:
      See: ASCH'S STUDY OF CARDS WITH LINES.

  4.  OBEDIENCE: COMPLIANCE WITH HIGHER AUTHORITY IN A
      HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE

     EXAMPLE: STANLEY MILGRAM.


 5.  INFORMAL/FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL: 

     A) INFORMAL---"NON-OFFICIAL" SANCTIONS
     B) FORMAL--FORMAL SANCTIONS--LAW, SCHOOL POLICIES

 6.  DEVIANCE: "BEHAVIOR  THAT VIOLATES THE  STANDARDS OR
     CONDUCT OR EXPECTATIONS OF A GROUP OR SOCIETY

       A) LATE FOR OR TALKING IN CLASS
       B) WEARING CUT-OFFS TO A WEDDING

  7. Crime: A behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with 
     fines, jail terms, and other sanctions.

  8. Juvenile Delinquency: A violation of law (or a status offense)
     commited by minors (generally youth under age 18)

II. POINT FOR SOCIOLOGY IS HOW DO WE EXPLAIN IT?

  A) WHY DO WE NEED TO
  B) WHAT DO WE OBTAIN WHEN WE DO?

A. FUNCTIONALISM:

 A) ANOMIE
 B) BOUNDARY MAINTENANCE
 C) IS "FUNCTIONAL" OR "NORMAL"

B. CULTURAL TRANSMISSION THEORY:

 A) SUTHERLAND/CRIME-DELINQUENCY
 B) LEARNING THEORY
 C) DEPENDS (AS INDEPENDENT VARIABLES) ON
    1) FREQUENCY 2)DURATION 3) PROXIMITY 4) IMPORTANCE


C. LABELLING THEORY:

D. NEUTRALIZATION  THEORY (MATZA  & SYKES): "DEVIANTS
  (DELINQUENTS) DON'T HAVE DIFFERNT VALUES--JUST LIKE US
   BUT IT'S EXPRESSED DIFFERENTLY.

   STRATEGIES OF NEUTRALIZATION
       1) DENYING RESPONSIBILITY
       2) DENYING INJURY
       3) BLAMING THE VICTIM
       4) CONDEMNING THE AUTHORITIES
       5) APPEALING TO HIGHER LOYALTY

E. CONFLICT THEORY:  LAWS USED TO SUPPRESS ONE GROUP BY 
    OF ANOTHER---DOESN'TFOCUS ON "CAUSE"  OF CRIME SO MUCH AS ON
    GENESIS OF DEFINITIONS OF BEHAVIORAS A POWER CONFLICT
    AND COMPETING DEFINITIONS OF APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR.

F. Opportunity structures (Cloward and Ohlin): People are more likely
   to commit crimes when opportunities exist
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III. SOCIAL RESPONSES TO CRIME

A. Informal sanctions (list them in lecture)

B. Formal responses: (List some(

C. PRISONS (a formal response)
  
   1. Who goes to prison?
   2. Do prisons work?
   3. Is there a better way?

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